NOTES
1.
Runciman, Fall of
Constantinople, pp. 154-7
2.
Scholarios, œuvres complètes, IV,
pp. 510-12. A. Pertusi, Fine di
Bizanzio e fine del mοndο
(Rome, 1988), pp. 6ο-1; D. Μ. Nicol, Church
and Society in the Last Centuries οf Byzantium (Cambridge, 1979),
pp. 104-5.
3. Barbaro, Giornale,
ed. Cornet, p. 61; ed. Pertusi, Caduta,
Ι, pp. 29-30.
4.
Isidore
of Kiev, ed. Pertusi, Caduta, I
p. 60.
5.
Kritoboulos,
ed. Reinsch, p. 80.
6.
Schreiner, Chron. brev.,
I, 52/4, p. 370; 115/1, p.
684. Anοnymi Monodia de
capta Constantinopoli, ed. A. Pertusi, Testi
inediti e pοcο noti sulla
caduta di Cοnstantinopοli, ed. A. Carile (Bologna, 1983), p.
326 (cited hereafter as Pertusi-Carile, Testi).
7.
The
sources are conveniently collected in Pertusi, Caduta,
Ι, ΙΙ and Pertusi-Cariie, Testi.
8.
Sphrantzes,
Chron.minus, pp. 96-8. Sphrantzes
was taken prisoner and, after some months of slavery, was ransomed οn 1
September and left Constantinople for Mistra.
9.
Leonardo
Chiensis, Letter to Pope Nicholas V,
ed.Pertusi, Caduta, I, pp. 162-4.
10. Barbaro,
Giornale, ed. Pertusi, Caduta,
Ι, p. 35.
11.
Jacopo
Tedaldi, ed. Pertusi, Caduta,
Ι, pp. 60, 74-5.
12.
Pertusi-Carile,
Testi, pp. 4, 25.
13.
Pertusi, Caduta, II, p. 56;
Pertusi-Carile, Testi, pp. 51,
54.
14.
Thomas
Eparchos and
Joshua Diplovatatzes (?),
Accοunt of the
capture of
Constantinople, ed. Pertusi, Caduta,
Ι, p. 237.
15.
John de Lastic,
ed. Ν. Jorga, Notes et Extraits,
ΙΙ, p. 520.
16.
Aeneas Sylvius
Piccolomini, ed. Pertusi, Caduta, ΙΙ,
pp. 44, 50-2.
17. Οn the
Serbian contingent, see Sphrantzes, Chron.
minus, p. 102. Cf Pertusi, Caduta,
I, p. xl.
18.
Constantine
Mihailoviċ, ed. Pertusi, Caduta,
Ι, p. 259. Ι. Dujčev, "La
Conquête
turque et la prise de Constantinople dans la littérature slave de l'époque",
in Medioevo bizantinο-slavο,
ΙΙΙ (Rome, 1971), pp. 478-87.
19. Tursun Beg, The History οf
Mehmed the Conqueror, ed. and transl. H. Inalcik and R. Murphey
(Minneapolis-Chicago, 1978), pp. 36-7; ed. Pertusi, Caduta,
Ι, pp. 324-6 (Italian translation).
20.
Ibn Kemal, ed.
Pertusi, Caduta, Ι, pp.
463-5 (= note 59) (Ιtalian translation).
21. Mehmed
Neshri, ed. Pertusi, Caduta, ΙΙ,
p. 265; Ashik Pasha-Zade, ed. Pertusi-Carile, Testi,
p. 241 (Italian translation);
Sa'ad Ed-Din, translated by Ε. J. W. Gibb, The
Capture οf Constantinople (Glasgow, 1879), p.31; Pertusi, Caduta,
ΙΙ, pp. 287-8 (Italian translation).
22.
Pertusi-Carile,
Testi, p. 118.
23.
Pertusi-Carile,
Testi, pp. 141, 176. Dolfin's
account is partially translated by J. R. Melville Jones, The
Siege of Constantinople
1453 (Amsterdam, 1972), pp.
125-30.
24.
Pertusi, Caduta,
ΙΙ, p. 86.
25.
Sagundino, ed. Pertusi, Caduta, ΙΙ,
pp. 134-6.
26.
Ubertini
Pasculi Brixiensis Cοnstantinοpοleοs
Libri IV, ed. A. Ellissen, Analekten
der mittel- und neugriechischen Literatur, III, Anhang (Leipzig, 1857),
p. 81.
27.
Jan
Dlugosz, Historiae Polonicae, lib.
ΧΙΙ, ed. Pertusi-Carile, Testi,
p.234.
28.
Samile, ed. Pertusi, Caduta Ι,
p. 231 (Italian translation).
29.
Abraham of Ankara, ed. Pertusi, Caduta,
II, p.414 (Italian
translation); ed. Μ. Β. Krikorian and W. Seibt, Die
Eroberung Konstantinopels im Jahre 1453 aus Armenischer Sicht (Byzantinische
Geschichtsschreiber, ΧΙΙΙ; Graz-Vienna-Cologne, 1981)
(German translation).
30.
Nicola della Tuccia, Crοnaca di
Viterbo, ed. Pertusi-Carile, Testi,
p. 97.
31. Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, Cosmographia.
Historia de Europa VII (in Οpera
quae extant omnia [Basle, 1571]), pp. 400-2. It seems first tο have
been printed as Pii II pοntificis
maximi de captione urbis Constantinopolitanae tractatulus (n.d., Rome:
Steph. Plannck, c. 1470): "Imperator nοn ut regem decuit pugnando
sed fugiens: in ipsis porte angustiis cum cecidisset oppressus: calcatusque
obiit." Ed. with slight variations by P. A. Déthier, Monumenta
Hungariae Histotica, ΧΧΙ,
I (Pera, 1875), pp. 678, 682. The report of Aeneas Sylvius was translated
into Italian, without acknowledgement by
Andrea Cambini : Commentario di
Andrea Cambini fiοrentinο della origine de Turchi et imperio della
casa Ottomana, published in Venice in 1538.
32.
Christophorus Richerius ad Franciscum Gallorum Regem Christianiss. Libri
quinque, De Rebus Turcorum (Paris,
1540), pp. 96-7; Francesco Sansovino, Historia
Universale dell'Origine, Guerre, et Imperio de Turchi (Venice, 1654),
pp. 270-1. An English translation of Sansovino's
version is presented
by). G.R. Melville Jones, Siege
οf Constantinople 1453, p..122
(and p.x) under the name of 'Cristoforo Riccherio' as though it were a
contemporary account. Christophore Richer, chamberlain to François Ιer,
was French ambassador to Stockholm and then tο Copenhagen. Οn his
plagiarism of Aeneas Sylvius,
see Β. Unbegaun, "Les
relations vieux-russes
de la
prise de
Constantinople", Revue des études
slaves, 9 (1929), 32-3.
33.
See below, pp.
87-8.
34.
Schreiner, Chron.
brev., Ι. 69/5, p. 529.
35. Schreiner, Chron.
brev., Ι. 69/39, p. 535.
36.
Schreiner,
Chron. brev., I.
14/107, p. 155; 34/21, pp. 271-2; 51, IV/17, p. 369 (= Pertusi-Carile, Testi,
nos. ΙΙ, IV, V, pp. 31-2, 34-6, 38).
37.
Doukas,
pp. 361, 377. The Charisios Gate was slightly tο the north of
that of St Romanos. R. Janin, Constantine
byzantine, 2nd edn, p. 281 (Edirne kapi).
38.
Kritoboulos,
ed. Reinsch, pp. 70-1, 81-2.
39. Chalkokondyles,
ΙΙ, pp. 159, 163. Sphrantzes, Chron.
minus, p. 98, gives a slightly more accurate figure for the length of
Constantine's reign as "four years, four months and twenty-four
days", and his age as "forty-nine years, three months and twenty
days". Οn the manner and place of his death, however, he gives nο
information, remarking οnly that his blessed lord and Emperor was
killed and that he was not with him at the time.
40.
Phrantzes, Chron.
minus, pp. 428-30, 432.
41. Anοnimο
russo, Οn the capture of Cargrad (Constantinople), ed.
Pertusi, Caduta, ΙΙ,
p. 406 (Italian translation). Έκθεσις
Χρονική,
ed. Sp. P. Lambros, Ecthesis Chronica
and Chronicon Athenarum (London,
1902), p. 16. See G. T. Zoras, Αι
τελευταίαι στιγμαί
του Κωνσταντίνου
του
Παλαιολόγου
και Μωάμεθ
του
κατακτητού,
in Zoras, Περί
την
άλωσιν της Κωνσταντινουπόλεως
(Athens, 1959),
pp.
132-3.
Οn Mamalis (? Laskaris), see PLP,
VII, nο. 16554.
42.
Hierax, Threnos,
ed. C. Ν. Sathas, Μεσαιωνική
Βιβλιοθήκη,
Ι (Venice, 1872),
p. 266;
ed. Déthier,
Μοn. Hung. Hist.,
ΧΧΙ, I, p. 387; ΧΧΙ, 2, p. 418. Χρονικόν
των
Tούρκων
Σουλτάνων,
ed. G. T. Zoras (Athens, t958), p. 81;
Elizabeth A. Zachariadou, Tο Χρονικό
των
Tούρκων
Σουλτάνων...και
το ιταλικό
του
πρότυπο
(Thessaloniki, 1960),
pp. 62-3.
Martinus Crusius, Turco-Graeciae
libri octo... (Basle, 1584),
Lib.1, p. 96. See G. Kournoutos, Λόγιοι
της
Tουρκοκρατίας,
Ι (Βaσική
Βιβλιοθήκn: Athens, 1956),
p. 178.
43.
Nestor
Iskinder, Report οn
Constantinople, ed. Pertusi, Caduta,
Ι, pp. 292-8 (Italian translation). Cf Β. Unbegaun, "Les
relarions vieux-russes", 13-38; Dujčev, Medioevo
bizantinο-slavο, ΙΙΙ, pp. 412-52; U.Μ.
Braun and A.Μ. Schneider, Bericht
über die Eroberung Konstantinopels nach der Nikon-Chronik übersetzt und
erläutert (Leipzig, 1943). The Rumanian version is translated into
French by V. Grecu, "La Chute de Constantinople dans la littérature
populaire roumaine" BS, 14
(1953), 55-81.
44.
"Princeps
immortalitate dignus":
Sagundino, ed. Pertusi, Caduta, II,
p. 136.
45.
Anonymi
Monodia,
ed. Lambros, Μονωδίαι
και
Θρήνοι
επί
τη αλώσει
της
Κωνσταντινουπόλεως,
ΝΕ, 5 (1908),
245.
46.
lbid.,
248-50;
ed. Pertusi-Carile,
Testi, pp.326-31. The same tale
is told in a Chronicle in the monastery of St John οn Patmos. Ν.
Β. Tomadakis, Η
εν
τω
Πατμιακώ
Κώδικι 287
Μικρά
Xρονογραφία,
EEBS, 25
(1955),
28-37.
47.
V. Langlois,
"Notice sur le sabre de Constantin XIV, dernier empereur de
Constantinople, conservé à l'Armeria Reale de Turin", Revue
archéologique, 14, I
(1857), 292-4 (translated into Greek in Nea
Pandοra, 8 (1858), 302-3
(with a line drawing of the sword) ; Langlois, "Memoire sur le sabre de
Constantin XIV Dracosès, dernier empereur grec de Constantinople", Revue
de l'Orient et de l'Algerie
et des Colonies (Paris,
1858), 153-65. A.G. Paspatis, Πολιορκία
και
άλωσις
της
Κωνσταντινουπόλεως,
υπό
των
Οθωμανών
εν
έτει
1453
(Athens, 1890),
pp. 94-5. His version of the inscription reads:
Συ
βασιλεύ
αήττητε
λόγε
Θεού
Παντάναξ,
Νίκnς
Βραβεία
δώρησον
κατά
των
πολεμίων,
Tω
ηγεμόνι
και
πιστώ
αυθέντη
Κωνσταντίνω,
Ώσπερ
ποτέ
τω
βaσιλεί μεγάλω
Κωνσταντίνω.
The
latest notice of the Turin sword seems to be by G. A. Sotiriou in the Greek
journal Κιβωτός
(Μay-June 1953), nο. 17-18, p. 240, with a line drawing but nο
further information.
48.
Άστυ
2nd
year, nο. 64 (Athens, 7 December 1886), p.2, and nο. 65 (14
December 1886), pp. 6-8; Deltion tis
Estias, nο. 520 (14 December 1886), p. 3.
49.
H. Carnoy
and J. Nicolaides, Folklore de
Constantinople (Paris, 1894), pp. 74-5.
50. Spandounes
(Theodoro Spandugnino), De la origine
deli Imperatori Ottomani..., ed. C. Ν. Sathas, Μνnμεία...
Documents inédits relatifs à
l'histoire de la Grèce au moyen âge, ΙΧ (Paris, 1890), p.
154.
51. Phrantzes,
Chron. maius, p. 432.
52.
Evliya
Chelebi, translated by J. νοn Hammer, Narrative
of Travels in Europe, Asia, and
Africa in the Seventeenth Century by
Evliya Efendi (London, 1846) p. 44. H. Turková, "La Prise de
Constantinople d'après le Seyahatname d'Evliya Celebi", BS,
30 (1969), 47-72, especially 61.
53.
The
various reports οn Constantine's tomb and sword are collected by Χ.
A. Siderides, Κωνσταντίνου
Παλαιολόγου,
θάνατος,
τάφος και
σπάθη,
Η
Μελέτη
(January-December, 1908),
65-78,
129-46.
See also Ν.G. Politis, Paradoseis,
Μελέται
περί
του
βόυu
και
της
γλώσσης
του
Ελλnνικού
λaού.
Παραδόσεις.
Βιβλιοθήκn
Μαρασλή,
2 vols.
(Athens, 1904),
ΙΙ, pp. 658-74;
Ε. Pears, The Destruction of the
Greek Empire and the Story of the capture of Constantinople by the Turks (London,
1903), pp. 354-5; H. J. Magoulias, Doukas.
Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the
Ottoman Turks (Detroit,
1975), pp. 314-15, note 289; F. W. Hasluck, Christianity
and Islam under the Sultans (Oxford, 1929), Ι, pp. 40-1;
ΙΙ, p. 731. Οn the claim that the church of St Theodosia
contained the Emperor's tomb, see A. Van Millingen, Βyzantine
Churches in Constantinople (London, 1912), pp. 173-8.
54.
Paspatis,
Pοliorkia,p.
192.
55.
Ο
θάνατος του
Κωνσταντίνου
Δράγαζη,
in Ε. Legrand, Recueil de
chansons populaires grecques (Collection de monuments pour servir à l'étude
de 1a langue néo-hellénique, n.s., Ι: Paris, 1874), nο. 48, pp.
74-6.
56.
Hierax,
ed. Sathas, Μεσαιωνική
Βιβλιοθήκn, Ι, lines
685-6, p. 267; ed. Déthier, Μοn. Hung. Hist.,
ΧΧΙ, I, P. 388.
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